Cause and Effect
Chapter 12
Chapter 12 describes the steps taken to write a cause and Effect paper. Before you begin writing or even researching, make a list of all the causes of this event you already know about. Ask questions like these: Why did this happen? What preconditions existed? Were the results foreseen? Could they have been foreseen? Then do some preliminary research, using what you already know to guide the direction of your reading. Change or add to your original list of causes to reflect new information gathered from your research. Done in depth, this kind of analysis is likely to uncover an almost unlimited chain of linked causes, far more than you can effectively address in one paper. Identify one to three of them as more important (or interesting, or overlooked) than the others. Then, acknowledging that multiple causes exist, limit your discussion to those most important.
The following example names the cause first, followed by the effect:
Because the technology program received independent funding from grants and federal Title I funds, it was relatively untouched by the school district's own budget cuts.
Thursday, December 17, 2009
Chapter 11 Description and Reflection
Description and Reflection
Chapter 11
Writing a descriptive essay requires a strong accent on the observation and the descriptions provided by the author. The facts in this type of essay can be just the background of the vivid experiences presented by the writer. It is crucial to focus strictly on the subject of description. It can be: A certain experience, a special memory, an interesting place, one person, a thing/object.
The identification of the focus of a descriptive essay should be based on the personally perceived experiences. The author basically describes what he observes and perceives. The main message is the reason the author wants to share this experience with the reader. A descriptive essay is to make the reader believe as if he has seen and experienced something on his own.
A standard descriptive essays outline is concentrated on the senses and based on the delivery of the author’s experience through the following means: taste, smell, sight, sound and touch.
Chapter 11
Writing a descriptive essay requires a strong accent on the observation and the descriptions provided by the author. The facts in this type of essay can be just the background of the vivid experiences presented by the writer. It is crucial to focus strictly on the subject of description. It can be: A certain experience, a special memory, an interesting place, one person, a thing/object.
The identification of the focus of a descriptive essay should be based on the personally perceived experiences. The author basically describes what he observes and perceives. The main message is the reason the author wants to share this experience with the reader. A descriptive essay is to make the reader believe as if he has seen and experienced something on his own.
A standard descriptive essays outline is concentrated on the senses and based on the delivery of the author’s experience through the following means: taste, smell, sight, sound and touch.
Chapter 9 Forms of College Writing
Forms of College Writing
Chapter 9
Chapter 9 describes the three divisions into which most college curricula are divided, and the academic departments that constitute each division. The chapter then presents more specific information about academic departments, including the topics students study, the forms of writing teachers assign, and the traits of those forms. The three curricular divisions are Humanities, Social Sciences, and Natural and Applied Sciences, these groups are then subdivided into specific departments, such as biology, chemistry, and physics.
Chapter 9
Chapter 9 describes the three divisions into which most college curricula are divided, and the academic departments that constitute each division. The chapter then presents more specific information about academic departments, including the topics students study, the forms of writing teachers assign, and the traits of those forms. The three curricular divisions are Humanities, Social Sciences, and Natural and Applied Sciences, these groups are then subdivided into specific departments, such as biology, chemistry, and physics.
Chapter 8 The Writers Process
The Writer’s Process
Chapter 8
This chapter describes how student Writer Angela Franco followed the writing process outlined in chapters 2-7. First, she thinks through the assignment’s purpose, audience, form, and assessment method, next she reviewed her assignment and narrowed its focus by clustering and free writing. With a focus selected, Angel selected the best organizational pattern for her writing. After finishing the first draft, Angela was ready to revise.
The next step would be to make a second revision followed by proofreading and formatting her essay.
Chapter 8
This chapter describes how student Writer Angela Franco followed the writing process outlined in chapters 2-7. First, she thinks through the assignment’s purpose, audience, form, and assessment method, next she reviewed her assignment and narrowed its focus by clustering and free writing. With a focus selected, Angel selected the best organizational pattern for her writing. After finishing the first draft, Angela was ready to revise.
The next step would be to make a second revision followed by proofreading and formatting her essay.
Chapter 7 Submitting Writting and creating portfolios
Submitting Writing and Creating Portfolios
Chapter 7
This chapter will help in preparing to write for any audience or publication. Submitting a final paper is the key to writing, you must first, consider your potential audience, Share your writing with peers or family members, and then select the appropriate submission method such as, paper submission or electronic submission.
Creating a work portfolio is one of the most important things you as a working professional can do. There are two basic types of writing portfolios: the first is a working portfolio in which you store documents at various stages of development, and the second is a showcase portfolio with which you share appropriate finished work.
Chapter 7
This chapter will help in preparing to write for any audience or publication. Submitting a final paper is the key to writing, you must first, consider your potential audience, Share your writing with peers or family members, and then select the appropriate submission method such as, paper submission or electronic submission.
Creating a work portfolio is one of the most important things you as a working professional can do. There are two basic types of writing portfolios: the first is a working portfolio in which you store documents at various stages of development, and the second is a showcase portfolio with which you share appropriate finished work.
chapter 6 editing and proofreading
Editing and Proofreading Strategies
Chapter 6
Editing and proofreading are writing processes different from revising. Editing can involve extensive rewriting of sentences, but it usually focuses on sentences or even smaller elements of the text. Proofreading is the very last step writers go through to be sure that the text is presentable. Proofreading generally involves only minor changes in spelling and punctuation.
Editing consists of all of the following, Always think about your target audience, start with sentences, consider words, check grammatical details, punctuation and spelling.
Proofreading is the very last step in preparing a final draft. You should first start with problem areas, read from the end to the beginning and check for typos. Sometimes it takes two or more additional "passes" through a paper to be sure you've found all the remaining typographical errors, misplaced pieces of punctuation, or inaccurate words.
Chapter 6
Editing and proofreading are writing processes different from revising. Editing can involve extensive rewriting of sentences, but it usually focuses on sentences or even smaller elements of the text. Proofreading is the very last step writers go through to be sure that the text is presentable. Proofreading generally involves only minor changes in spelling and punctuation.
Editing consists of all of the following, Always think about your target audience, start with sentences, consider words, check grammatical details, punctuation and spelling.
Proofreading is the very last step in preparing a final draft. You should first start with problem areas, read from the end to the beginning and check for typos. Sometimes it takes two or more additional "passes" through a paper to be sure you've found all the remaining typographical errors, misplaced pieces of punctuation, or inaccurate words.
Saturday, October 17, 2009
2-ch revising
CH 5 Revising
This chapter shows you how to take your written first draft and revise it into possibly your final draft. Read your paper for any content errors. Double check the facts and figures. Arrange and rearrange ideas to follow your outline. Reorganize your outline if necessary, but always keep the purpose of your paper and your readers in mind. The following is a checklist that should be used when revising your first draft.
1. Is my thesis statement concise and clear?2. Did I follow my outline? Did I miss anything?3. Are my arguments presented in a logical sequence?4. Are all sources properly cited to ensure that I am not plagiarizing?5. Have I proved my thesis with strong supporting arguments?6. Have I made my intentions and points clear in the essay?
Re-read your paper for grammatical errors. Use a dictionary or a thesaurus as needed. Do a spell check. Correct all errors that you can spot and improve the overall quality of the paper to the best of your ability. Get someone else to read it over. Sometimes a second pair of eyes can see mistakes that you missed.
1. Did I begin each paragraph with a proper topic sentence?2. Have I supported my arguments with documented proof or examples?3. Any run-on or unfinished sentences?4. Any unnecessary or repetitious words?5. Varying lengths of sentences?6. Does one paragraph or idea flow smoothly into the next?7. Any spelling or grammatical errors?8. Quotes accurate in source, spelling, and punctuation? 9. Are all my citations accurate and in correct format?10. Did I avoid using contractions? Use "cannot" instead of "can't", "do not" instead of "don't"?11. Did I use third person as much as possible? Avoid using phrases such as "I think", "I guess", "I suppose"12. Have I made my points clear and interesting but remained objective?13. Did I leave a sense of completion for my reader(s) at the end of the paper?
This chapter shows you how to take your written first draft and revise it into possibly your final draft. Read your paper for any content errors. Double check the facts and figures. Arrange and rearrange ideas to follow your outline. Reorganize your outline if necessary, but always keep the purpose of your paper and your readers in mind. The following is a checklist that should be used when revising your first draft.
1. Is my thesis statement concise and clear?2. Did I follow my outline? Did I miss anything?3. Are my arguments presented in a logical sequence?4. Are all sources properly cited to ensure that I am not plagiarizing?5. Have I proved my thesis with strong supporting arguments?6. Have I made my intentions and points clear in the essay?
Re-read your paper for grammatical errors. Use a dictionary or a thesaurus as needed. Do a spell check. Correct all errors that you can spot and improve the overall quality of the paper to the best of your ability. Get someone else to read it over. Sometimes a second pair of eyes can see mistakes that you missed.
1. Did I begin each paragraph with a proper topic sentence?2. Have I supported my arguments with documented proof or examples?3. Any run-on or unfinished sentences?4. Any unnecessary or repetitious words?5. Varying lengths of sentences?6. Does one paragraph or idea flow smoothly into the next?7. Any spelling or grammatical errors?8. Quotes accurate in source, spelling, and punctuation? 9. Are all my citations accurate and in correct format?10. Did I avoid using contractions? Use "cannot" instead of "can't", "do not" instead of "don't"?11. Did I use third person as much as possible? Avoid using phrases such as "I think", "I guess", "I suppose"12. Have I made my points clear and interesting but remained objective?13. Did I leave a sense of completion for my reader(s) at the end of the paper?
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